Origins. Autonomy of the region was retracted in 1829, with the new constitution written by the governor of New Russia and Bessarabia, Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov. ( Vraiment des anciens de Berlin, plus de cinquante années de présence pour certains. Two of the latter, Cahul County and Ismail County were returned to Moldavia in 1856. Некоторые функции могут быть заблокированы, отключите модуль ADS Blocker . Bessarabia Governorate or Bessarabia Oblast was a governorate of the Russian Empire from 1812–1871. Bloody echo of war [17], Their movement had little success because in 1907, the extreme right won in the elections for the second Duma. Territoires cédés avant 1914. héritiers des traditions, Officiel et Original, ce sont véritablement les anciens des Forces Françaises de Berlin et résidents à Berlin. Op-Ed by Victor Pelin, Instruction to start a political case didn’t always come from Plahotniuc, lawyer, We are expanding our services for individuals in the heart of the Ungheni Free Economic Zone, Preliminary Findings and Conclusions for the Second Round, “Protecting streams for a clean Black Sea by reducing sediment and litter pollution with joint innovative monitoring and control tools and nature-based practices”, Initiative group for conducting After Poll 2020 will present poll results at 9pm and 10pm on November 15, Mobiasbanca - OTP Group continues to improve customer service conditions. Historical memory Le gouvernement de Bessarabie (en russe : Бессарабская губерния) est une division administrative de lEmpire russe créée à partir dun territoire pris en 1812, sous le règne du tsar Alexandre Ier, aux principautés danubiennes vassales de lEmpire ottoman, par le traité de Bucarest dont les articles 4 et 5 précisent la surface de 45 630 km2 (40 096,6 verstes²), la démographie avec 482 630 habitants (moldaves2 à 87 %) et le nombre de l… According to the information portal “Ruskii mir”, the scientific conference “World War I in the past of southern Bessarabia”, held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I of 1914 – 1918, was organized by the Consultancy and Information Center “Dialog” in cooperation with the Scientific Society of Bulgarians in the Republic of Moldova within the project “Together we Restore Memory” that is implemented in Gagauzia … Depuis l’annexion de Novgorod en 1478 jusqu’à l’expansion en Asie centrale et aux dépens de la Chine au XIXe siècle, la Russie n’a cessé de s’étendre et d’intégrer des populations non russes. Although this system was meant to increase the participation of the locals in civic affairs, it was run by Russians and other non-Moldavian functionaries brought from across the Empire.[5]. Bessarabien ist eine historische Landschaft in Südosteuropa, begrenzt vom Schwarzen Meer im Süden sowie den Flüssen Pruth im Westen und Dnister/Dnjestr im Osten. Jusqu'en 1922, le gouvernement les considérant comme des sujets de pays belligérants va soumettre ces personnes à des contrôles stricts visant en particulier leurs déplacements. 2010-06-30T14:43:25Z DieBuche 744x878 (84219 Bytes) Try to fix SVG using scour; 2006-05-20T19:36:14Z Zserghei 744x878 (186652 Bytes) a better version of [[:Image:Bessarabia.svg]] [[Category:Maps of Moldova]]; Uploaded with derivativeFX American Jews began large-scale organized financial help, and assisted in emigration. [4] The constitution no longer made the usage of Romanian compulsory for public announcements and in 1854, Russian was made the official language. Famous scientists and public figures analyzed why WWI was forgotten in the Soviet period and how it influenced the Gagauzian and Bulgarian villages in southern Bessarabia. (en) United States Army, American Expeditionary Forces, Intelligence Section, Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-one Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914–1918), Washington, Government Print Office, 1920 (ISBN 5-87296-917-1, lire en ligne) [citation needed] In 1834, Romanian was banned in schools and government facilities, and soon, books, the press, and churches despite 80% of the population being Romanian. The 25 Mother colonies were founded between 1814 and 1842. Спасибо за понимание! 1875-1914 Les Balkans de crise en crise La péninsule des Balkans, au Sud-Est de l'Europe, doit son nom au massif montagneux qui la traverse. ("Wake up, Romanian! En préparation à la conférence de paix qui devait suivre la Première Guerre mondiale, au printemps 1917, le ministère des Affaires étrangères britannique établit une section spéciale chargée de préparer les informations de synthèse utiles aux délégués britanniques. Genre/Form: History: Additional Physical Format: Online version: Popovici, Andrei, 1895-Political status of Bessarabia. [6] One of the known Jewish nobles was Count Landsman whose great-grandson, Alexander Zanzer is now leading major Jewish organisations in Europe. Information about other counties of Bessarabia hasn’t been yet made public, but it is said that 250,000 to 300,000 persons were mobilized in the whole gubernia. Those who were killed or died as a result of injuries from these counties numbered 2,532. Observant l'évolution du conflit en 1914 et 1915, les responsables politiques roumains, tout en menant une politique attentiste, sont cependant fermement convaincus de la nécessité d'entrer tôt ou tard dans le conflit pour « délivrer leurs frères subissant la tyrannie austro-hongroise ». Sent to Bessarabia in 1914. In the autonomous unit, as in the neighboring Taraclia, new researches appear and become a valuable contribution to national historiography,” stated Duminică. En entrant en guerre du côté des Alliés en août 1916, la Roumanie sait qu’elle doit oublier la Bessarabie. Currently, the neglecting of the 1914 – 1918 period is being gradually overcome in Gagauz-Yeri. Also, few of the urban dwellers were Moldavians, in 1912, 37.2% being Jewish, 24.4% Russian, 15.8% Ukrainian, with just 14.2% Moldavian. Sphères d'influence. This deprived it of chances of being taken into account by the official historical sciences. CHISINAU. When the Russian invitation came to re-settle in Bessarabia, more than 1,500 families made the move between 1814-1815. Bessarabia is a historical region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the north and east and the Prut River on the west and the Black Sea on the south. It declared Bessarabia’s independence on Jan. 24, 1918, and voted to unite with Romania in December. Studies concerning WWI Bessarabien ist eine historische Landschaft in Südosteuropa, begrenzt vom Schwarzen Meer im Süden sowie den Flüssen Pruth im Westen und Dnister/Dnjestr im Osten. NGO Eco-TIRAS from Rebublic of Moldova and NGO “Arnika” from the Czech Republic, European Network of Election Monitoring Organizations (ENEMO), Initiative group for implementing project “After Poll 2020 – presidential elections”, Briefness first and foremost – November 9, 2018 IPN digest, Health crisis accentuated a number of constrains of education system, Pandemic year generated more waste for which solutions do not yet exist, The EU, the "Magnitsky Act" and targeting autocrats in the Eastern neighborhood. A number of 23,662 persons from Ackerman, Bender and Ismail counties or about 12% of the total population of these counties were mobilized during the years of WWI. [22], From 1812 to 1818, there were 12 counties, which were then merged into 6, afterwards split into 9 counties. In 1999, his 79-year-old son restored the obelisk that suffered serious damage during tens of years. [2][3], After the death of Bănulescu-Bodoni in 1821, Bessarabia lacked a strong leader and as the Russians feared nationalism, which triggered the anti-Ottoman 1821 Wallachian Revolution in neighbouring Wallachia, the local authorities began a gradual retraction of many of the freedoms. A nationalist movement developed in Bessarabia after the Russian Revolution of 1905; and, in November 1917 (after the Russian revolutions of 1917), a council (sfatul țărei) was established. [12] As of 1920, an estimated ten percent of men and one percent of women were able to read and write. Mona May Karff, née Mona Ratner le 20 octobre 1914 en Bessarabie et morte le 10 janvier 1998 à New York, est une joueuse d'échecs américaine.Sept fois championne des États-Unis (six fois de 1938 à 1953 et en 1974), elle reçut le titre de maître international féminin lors de la création du titre en 1950. In the beginning of the 20th century, the Jewish population made up to 40% of Chisinau. Even if WWI didn’t match the official Soviet ideology, the population kept the memory of the participants in that war. [6], Initially, the purpose of the colonization policy was unrelated to the ethnic makeup, being to increase the population of the rather sparsely populated area, in order to better exploit its resources. A scientific conference entitled “World War I in the past of southern Bessarabia” was held in Ceadir-Lunga municipality on November 7. Between 1918 and 1940 Bessarabia formed part of Romania; from 1940 to 1991 it was in the USSR. One of the monuments was erected in Etulia village by a participant in the war, who returned to his native village. Le gouvernement de Bessarabie (en russe : Бессарабская губерния) est une division administrative de lEmpire russe créée à partir dun territoire pris en 1812, sous le règne du tsar Alexandre Ier, aux principautés danubiennes vassales de lEmpire ottoman, par le traité de Bucarest dont les articles 4 et 5 précisent la surface de 45 630 km2 (40 096,6 verstes²), la démographie avec 482 630 habitants (moldaves2 à 87 %) et le nombre de l… Scientific researcher of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Emilia Bankova provided information about compatriots from Korten village, while native place researcher Feodor Curu about compatriots from Gaidarly village. History Of Bessarabia. En préparation à la conférence de paix qui devait suivre la Première Guerre mondiale, au printemps 1917, le ministère des Affaires étrangères britannique établit une section spéciale chargée de préparer les informations de synthèse utiles aux délégués britanniques. It … [19] The Russian rule resulted in important changes in the ethnic structure of Bessarabia, especially due to the Russian policy of immigration from neighbouring provinces and Russification. (S nami Bog! In March 1907, the newspaper published Deşteaptă-te, române! Kooltaan alue on noin 45 600 km². Alphabetical Book of Deaths 1901-1914 The fourth entry on the left page is the listing of the death of the 2 day old female listed in the 1904 Register of Deaths. În domeniul industriei lucrau 4.000 de muncitori în 1914 şi nici 2.000 în 1916, cifre care erau mult sub 1% din totalul populaţiei. En 1925, des jeunes émigrés de Bessarabie, tous juifs, tous communistes, fondaient une « Association des émigrants bessarabiens en France ». Alphabetical Book of Deaths 1901-1914 The fourth entry on the left page is the listing of the death of the 2 day old female listed in the 1904 Register of Deaths. Actes de décès de Bessarabie (maintenant Moldavie), 1858 à 1914 [base de données en ligne]. New monuments were erected in Avdarma and Gaidarly villages of Ceadir-Lunga district. August 1914 begann eine noch schwierigere Zeit für Bessarabien und seine ethnischen Minderheiten. GERMAN COLONIES IN BESSARABIA Reg = Region or Province (Gubernia) Other Identification = District, Rayon, Kreis, Okrug, etc (District may also be nearby larger city or this field may be the "see" reference.) The entry list the record number of the death, the names of the people who died and the date of death. The Roumanian was primarily a shepherd; during the Middle Ages it was the shepherd who kept the language and traditions intact; and there are to-day 50% more sheep in Bessarabia than in 1914, under Russian rule. During the 1817 census, there were 3,826 Jewish families in Bessarabia (estimated at 19,000 people, or 4.2% of the total population). [20] The immigration was not uniform: in some districts in the northern and southern parts of Bessarabia (for instance Hotin and Akkerman), the immigration resulted in Ukrainians outnumbering Romanians, while the rural areas of the centre were mostly Romanian. The new emperor quickly made peace with both France and Britain and restored normal relations with Austria. Mulțumim. La grande majorité des documents sont pour la ville de Kishinev (maintenant Chişinău, Moldavie). Bessarabia Governorate or Bessarabia Oblast was a governorate of the Russian Empire from 1812–1871. Publicistul Veaceslav Craciun a abosolvit cursurile de masterat ale Universității de Studii Europene din Moldova, specializându-se în drept internațional. Afterward, Bugeac was affected by the famine of 1946 – 1947 and the repression. Jusqu'à la fin du mois d'août, l'état-major dirigé par le général Joffre, commandant en chef des armées, ne cerne pas l'ampleur de la manœuvre entreprise par les Allemands en Belgique. [4], Alexander II's reign brought a policy of establishing schools in every parish: 400 rural schools were founded in the 1860s in Bessarabia, but the Orthodox Church insisted everything be taught in Russian, whereas neither priests (who were teachers in most villages) nor pupils were speaking it. La Bessarabie couvrant le front polono-roumain prévu entre la Bucovine et la Galicie orientale, elle constitue le flanc oriental d'un système français centre- Le sultan récompense l’Angleterre pour son soutien diplomatique en lui accordant le droit d’occuper Chypre – en 1914, Londres annexera l’île qui ne deviendra indépendante qu’en 1959 et reste encore aujourd’hui un enjeu des relations gréco-turques. The event was staged as part of the project “Together we Restore Memory” that is supported by public organizations based in Gagauzia and all over Moldova. Bessarabie (roumain : Basarabia ; russe : Бессарабия, Bessarabia) est un nom désignant tour à tour plusieurs territoires des anciennes principautés roumaines, au sud-est de lEurope, et provenant de la dynastie valaque des Bassarab. The so-called Romanian Old Kingdom (a consolidation of the principalities of Moldova and Valachia) was not established in a political-territorial way until the middle of the 19th century and it remained a small state at the edge of Europe in the subsequent decades. [2], Integration within the Russian Empire continued with the introduction of the zemstva in 1869. Écrit par Yann RICHARD • 376 mots • 1 média La localité de Chisinau est apparue en 1466 dans la principauté de Moldavie. Most of the contributors of the newspaper fled to Iaşi afterwards. [1], Before the Russian annexation, the territory had no particular name, Moldavia being traditionally divided into Ţara de Sus (the Upper Lands, the mountainous area of the Carpathians) and Ţara de Jos (the Lower Lands, the plains which included this territory). The war left an imprint not only on the destinies of people, but also on political processes. Registre original de càrregues. The earliest reference to Jews in Bessarabia dates from the fifteenth century. Hence, Romania could not play a role within Europe until it joined one of the political alliances. En août 1914, la Première Guerre mondiale a commencé, et 300 000 hommes de Bessarabie ont été mobilisés et engagés dans l'armée de l' Empire russe. Команда IPN. The given changes could not avoid Bessarabia that, after the failed attempt to create an independent Moldovan state, became a part of Romania. 22 octobre 1721 – 14 septembre 1917 (195 ans, 10 mois et 23 jours) Drapeau Armoiries Devise en russe: Съ нами Богъ! Op-Ed by Victor Pelin, Institutional sabotage by PSRM, the "for Moldova" group and Shor endanger the 2021 budget. [11], As a consequence of Russification policy, Bessarabia was the most backward of the western provinces of the Russian Empire. He noted it is not surprising that the people who witnessed such murders, participants in a similarly cruel civil war in Russia, later gave birth to totalitarian regimes and repressive bodies, such as gulags, where the human life had no value. IPN note: [14] In the first wave of violence, which was associated with Easter, 49 Jews were killed, large numbers of Jewish women were raped and 1,500 homes were damaged. Tsarist Russia. Bessarabia is a country of rich rolling plains, with good natural boundaries-the Danube, the Black Sea, the Dniester and the Pruth. Bessarabia or Basarabiia. Unlike most of the rest of the Russian Empire, in Bessarabia, Jews were allowed to settle in fairs and cities. ») Hymne Molitva russkikh (1816 – 1833) Hymne des tsars (1833 – 1917) L'Empire russe en 1914. More than 1,000 persons from Gagauzian and Bulgarian villages were killed, wounded or went missing between August 1914 and May 1915 alone. Bessarabia (Romanian: Basarabia; Russian: Бессарабия Bessarabiya, Ukrainian: Бессарабія Bessarabiya) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west.Nowadays the bulk of the region is part of Moldova, while the northern and southern areas are part of Ukraine. Over the next generations, the Jewish population of Bessarabia grew significantly. [9] Despite this, none of the European powers wanted to risk a conflict with Russia. The Russians used the name "Bessarabia" for the whole region rather than the southern area. Also around 1850, Romanian was no longer used in schools and the importation of books from Moldavia and Wallachia was banned. Bessarabia was the southern part of this territory (now known as Budjak); it is believed that the region was named after the Wallachian house of Basarab, which may have ruled it in the 14th century. The Governorate was disbanded in 1917, with the establishment of Sfatul Țării, a national assembly which proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic in December 1917. În aceeaşi perioadă, lungimea totală … La plupart d'entre eux vécurent la défaite russe. von der Bismarckschen Außenpolitik, seine militärische Absicherung gegen Osten verloren hatte, wurde über Nacht zum Feind des Zarenreiches erklärt. En entrant en guerre du côté des Alliés en août 1916, la Roumanie sait qu’elle doit oublier la Bessarabie. Mais cette annexion intéresse la France avant tout pour des raisons géo-stratégiques de sécurité. But this is how, by personifying history, the historical memory of the people is formed. Elle passa au xvi e siècle sous le contrôle de l'Empire ottoman, puis en 1812, de l'Empire russe, avec le rôle de centre administratif de la province de Bessarabie. Elle est délimitée par l'Adriatique, la mer Égée, la mer Noire et au nord, le Danube et son affluent, la Save. One of the guests opined that it is easier to write a general history textbook than to write the history of the native village. Das Deutsche Reich, das durch das Abweichen. It declared Bessarabia’s independence on Jan. 24, 1918, and voted to unite with Romania in December. The eastern part of the Principality of Moldavia was conquered by the troops of the Russian Czar Alxander I in the Russo-Turkish War between 1806 and 1812. According to historian Anatol Petrencu, professor of the State University of Moldova, the fact that WWI was bourgeois and imperialistic in character was its main sin before the Soviet power. Russia - Russia - Russia from 1801 to 1917: When Alexander I came to the throne in March 1801, Russia was in a state of hostility with most of Europe, though its armies were not actually fighting; its only ally was its traditional enemy, Turkey. He even started a memorandum against Russia to try to influence the Western governments, denouncing not only the annexation of Southern Bessarabia, but the 1812 annexation of Bessarabia as well. Une construction impériale d’autant plus facile qu’elle s’est faite dans une continuité territoriale. A table of pogroms from 1903 to 1906: History of Jews in Bessarabia : General: The Myth of No Return: Jewish Return Migration to Eastern Europe, 1881-1914 : History of Jews in Bessarabia: Jonathan Sarna There they were known as three counties because a Bolgrad County was split out of Ismail County. This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Bessarabia_1914.svg licensed with PD-self . JewishGen.org Volunteers, comp. [24], Following the 1905 Russian Revolution, the church decided to allow the usage of Romanian by the village priests and the re-establishment of the eparchy printing press, which would publish religious literature and of a newspaper. Era analfabetă exact în aceeaşi proporţie. 2010-06-30T14:43:25Z DieBuche 744x878 (84219 Bytes) Try to fix SVG using scour; 2006-05-20T19:36:14Z Zserghei 744x878 (186652 Bytes) a better version of [[:Image:Bessarabia.svg]] [[Category:Maps of Moldova]]; Uploaded with derivativeFX Created as Bessarabia Oblast in 1812. Région d’Europe qui correspond plus ou moins à l'actuelle Moldavie. )Region bounded by the middle and lower Dnister River in the north and east, the Prut River in the west, and the mouth of the Danube River and the Black Sea in the south. [25], Coordinates: 47°00′20″N 28°51′27″E / 47.0056°N 28.8575°E / 47.0056; 28.8575, Philip Ernest Schoenberg, "The American Reaction to the Kishinev Pogrom of 1903. According to Doctor of History Ion Duminică, World War I was devoted no attention in the Soviet Union. : +373-69 155 495 Thus, by the 1880s only 23 schools remained. The Pre-War Crisis, 1912-1914 BARBARA JELAVICH the year from the conclusion of the treaty of Bucharest in August 191 3 until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Romania's diplomatic position was stronger than it had been in any recent period.1 After a victorious 'war and an advantageous peace, the Romanian government, with The boyars of Bessarabia protested against the annexation, arguing that the Ottoman Empire had no right to cede a territory that was not theirs in the first place (Moldavia being only a vassal, not an Ottoman province), but this did not prevent the Sultan from signing the treaty in May 1812. Bessarabia is a historical region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the north and east and the Prut River on the west and the Black Sea on the south. "Surtout, ils n'intègrent pas que les unités alllemandes de première ligne ont été puissamment renfor… 1812 – 1917 L’ancien gouvernement de Bessarabie (relief en couleurs) et les États actuels. Further rioting erupted in October 1905. In the conference held in Ceadir-Lunga, such information about compatriots from Valea-Perjei village was presented by Doctor of Philology Ivan Kurtev. The initiative and the main organizational effort were undertaken by Svetlana Capangi, author of the study of the participation by Gagauzian and Bulgarian people in the WWI. Those who fought the changes could be exiled to Siberia. [23] The original terms for county were Russian: tsynut, uyezd, Romanian: ţinut, judeţ. En 1914, la France est en guerre contre la Triple Alliance, Allemagne, Autriche et Empire ottoman. IPN publishes in the Op-Ed rubric opinion pieces submitted by authors not affiliated with our editorial board. Historians from Chisinau confessed they would like other regions of Moldova to also follow such a tendency. [24], Archbishop Irinarh Popov (1844–1858) tried to promote Russian nationalism and loyalty to the tsar and brought clerics from Russia. [Бессарабія] (Map: Bessarabia. En apparence, elle pouvait ressembler à la myriade d'associations d'originaires des villes de Pologne, les Lansmanshaftn, organisées comme lieu de sociabilité et d'entraide, et qui acquéraient au cimetière parisien de Bagneux le « caveau [7], In 1856, under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, Russia was forced to return a significant territory in Southern Bessarabia (organised as the Cahul and Ismail counties, with the Bolgrad later split from the second) to Moldavia, which joined Wallachia in 1859 to form Romania. On the occasion of this jubilee, Ceadir-Lunga town hosted a scientific conference. Rural colonies. The obtained information helps realize the scale of the participation by the population from southern Bessarabia in WWI. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008. [3], Split from the Metropolis of Moldavia, the orthodox church in Bessarabia became an eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church, and after Bănulescu-Bodoni's death, it became an agent in the state policy of Russification. The authors studied hundreds of documents from the national archives and the archives of Romania and Russia. The area of the region is 45,600 sq km. It was part of the larger campaign of colonization of Novorossiya, under which Russia appealed to everyone who wanted to work and live under its authority, no matter if they came from the Russian Empire or from elsewhere. It is probably easier to speak about the interests of the world powers and political ideologies than to obtain evidence of the heroic or tragic past of the forerunners. It is bounded by the Dniester River on the north and east, the Prut on the west, and the Danube and the Black Sea on the south. Analysis by Dionis Cenușa, From more integrity to large impunity. Some Moldavian boyar families were however integrated in the Russian nobility, but most of the nobles of Bessarabia were foreigners: in 1911, there were 468 noble families in Bessarabia, of which only 138 were Moldavian. 100% Original! En 1925, des jeunes émigrés de Bessarabie, tous juifs, tous communistes, fondaient une « Association des émigrants bessarabiens en France ». [24], All the archbishops after 1821 tried to bring the eparchy in conformity with the regulations of the Russian Orthodox Church and because of that, all the high-ranked clerics were brought from Russia, because they were more familiar with the rules of the Russian church. The event ended with laying of flowers at the monument to participants in WWI in Ceadir-Lunga, which is located in the central park of the town. The Emancipation reform of 1861 had little effects in Bessarabia, where there were few serfs: just 12,000 most of which being brought from Russia for non-agricultural activities. The entry list the record number of the death, the names of the people who died and the date of death. [9], The Romanian politicians and public were angered by this action: Romanian politician Mihail Kogălniceanu accused Russia of deception and of treating an ally like a conquered province. In 1897, literacy was just 15.4% for the whole Bessarabia, with only 6% of ethnically Moldavians being literate,[8] the main reason behind this being that Russian was the only language of instruction. Bessarabie \bɛ.sa.ʁa.bi\ féminin. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 14:43, 30 June 2010: 744 × 878 (82 KB) DieBuche (talk | contribs) Try to fix SVG using scour: Despite being a larger territory, Romanians considered it an unfair exchange and accepted it reluctantly, because there was no other alternative. But the interest in the 1914 – 1918 period is restored and Gagauzia becomes one of the centers of this process. De nombreux sujets ottomans résident alors en France. A nationalist movement developed in Bessarabia after the Russian Revolution of 1905; and, in November 1917 (after the Russian revolutions of 1917), a council (sfatul țărei) was established. The opinions expressed in these articles do not necessarily coincide with the opinions of our editorial board.

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